Isotype control antibodies are essential negative control tools widely employed across immunoassays, including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). These antibodies match the host species, isotype, and conjugation label of the primary antibody but lack specificity to the target antigen. Their primary function is to measure background signals caused by nonspecific binding, Fc receptor-mediated interactions, or tissue autofluorescence. In studies utilizing antibodies such as anti-IBA1/AIF1—which are commonly used to investigate neuroinflammation, tumor-associated macrophages, and transplant rejection—accurate implementation of isotype controls is critical to ensure data integrity and reproducibility. 

Nebulabio offers the following isotype control antibodies：