+86-15801534258
info@nebulabio.cn
+86-15801534258
info@nebulabio.cn
Nebulabio is a leading biotechnology company specializing in the development, production, and commercialization of high-quality primary antibodies. We offer a comprehensive portfolio of monoclonal, polyclonal, and recombinant antibodies designed to meet the needs of researchers and clinicians worldwide. Our antibodies are rigorously validated for various applications, ensuring exceptional specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. With a commitment to advancing scientific discovery, Nebulabio supports a wide range of research and diagnostic applications in molecular biology, immunology, cell biology, and clinical diagnostics.
▌Overview of Primary Antibodies
Primary antibodies are essential biochemical tools for detecting, quantifying, and characterizing specific targets in biological research and diagnostic applications. These Y-shaped glycoproteins are produced by B lymphocytes in response to antigens. The structure of the antibody, with its highly specific antigen-binding sites located at the tips of the Y-shaped molecule, allows for accurate and selective detection of target molecules in complex biological samples.
A primary antibody is typically the first step in immunoassays, where it binds directly to the target antigen. It is commonly used in combination with secondary antibodies, which amplify the signal, or may be directly conjugated with tags (such as fluorophores or enzymes) to enable visualization. Proper selection of the primary antibody, considering its type, host species, and validation for specific applications, is crucial to ensure reliable and reproducible results in any experiment.
▌Types of Primary Antibodies
Primary antibodies can be categorized based on their production method and binding characteristics. The three main types of primary antibodies are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), polyclonal antibodies (pAbs), and recombinant antibodies.
| Monoclonal Antibodies | Polyclonal Antibodies | Recombinant Antibodies |
| Monoclonal antibodies are derived from a single B-cell clone and are specific to one unique epitope on an antigen. This single-epitope specificity ensures high consistency, minimal cross-reactivity, and reproducibility in experimental results. Monoclonal antibodies are especially advantageous for quantitative applications, such as protein assays, biomarker detection, and therapeutic research. | Polyclonal antibodies are generated from multiple B-cell clones and can recognize several different epitopes on the same antigen. This broad epitope recognition results in increased sensitivity and overall affinity. Polyclonal antibodies are particularly useful when working with complex or low-abundance antigens, as they can bind more efficiently across different conformations of the antigen. The versatility and robustness of polyclonal antibodies make them a cost-effective option for a wide range of applications, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). They are often preferred in applications requiring high signal amplification and detection of proteins with variable conformations. | Recombinant antibodies are engineered using molecular cloning techniques, eliminating the need for animal immunization. By introducing antibody genes into expression systems, such as HEK293 or CHO cells, recombinant antibodies can be produced with precise control over their affinity, specificity, and consistency. These antibodies offer several advantages, including superior batch-to-batch consistency, reduced cross-species reactivity, and the ability to produce large quantities for industrial and therapeutic applications. Recombinant antibodies are particularly useful in large-scale production, therapeutic antibody research, and other high-precision applications where reproducibility is critical. |
▌Applications of Primary Antibodies
Primary antibodies are widely used in numerous research and diagnostic applications. They enable the detection, localization, quantification, and functional analysis of proteins and other biomolecules in complex samples. Some of the key applications include:
Western Blotting (WB): A widely used technique for detecting and quantifying specific proteins in a sample.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Allows for the localization of proteins in tissue sections, enabling the study of tissue-specific expression.
Immunocytochemistry (ICC): Detects proteins within cultured cells, often used to investigate cellular localization.
Immunofluorescence (IF): Utilizes fluorescently labeled antibodies to visualize protein localization and expression levels in live or fixed cells.
Flow Cytometry (FACS): Provides quantitative analysis of cell populations based on protein expression and other cellular markers.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): A highly sensitive technique for quantifying proteins, antibodies, or other analytes.
Immunoprecipitation (IP): Isolates specific proteins from complex mixtures, often used in protein-protein interaction studies.
▌Featured Primary Antibody Products
Nebulabio provides a diverse range of high-quality primary antibodies, offering solutions for a variety of research and diagnostic needs. Our antibody portfolio includes:
Unconjugated Primary Antibodies: These antibodies are available for use with secondary antibodies in flexible detection systems, such as chemiluminescence or colorimetric assays.
Fluorophore-Conjugated Primary Antibodies: Directly labeled antibodies for immunofluorescence applications, with various fluorophores (e.g., FITC, PE, APC) to suit different detection systems.
Enzyme-Conjugated Primary Antibodies: HRP or alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugates designed for use in colorimetric or chemiluminescent assays.
Biotinylated Primary Antibodies: Ideal for use in streptavidin-biotin detection systems, providing a highly sensitive detection method.
Isotype Control Antibodies: Used to confirm the specificity of primary antibody binding and assess non-specific background signals.
Blocking Antibodies: These antibodies are designed to inhibit the function of specific receptors or ligands in functional assays.
Neutralizing Antibodies: Used to block the biological activity of target proteins, providing valuable insights into protein function and cellular signaling.
Each of these antibodies is carefully validated to ensure optimal performance across a range of applications. Detailed datasheets, protocols, and technical support are provided with each product to ensure accurate and reliable results.
▌Custom Primary Antibody Services
Nebulabio offers fully customized primary antibody development services to address the unique needs of your research or diagnostic projects. Our custom services include:
Antigen Design and Synthesis
We provide custom synthesis of peptides, recombinant proteins, or small molecule conjugates tailored to your specific antigen.
Host Animal Selection
Choose from a variety of host species, including mouse, rabbit, rat, goat, and others, to optimize antibody production.
Custom Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Development
Based on your research requirements, we can develop both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to target your antigen of interest.
Recombinant Antibody Generation
We generate high-precision recombinant antibodies with tailored affinity and specificity, ideal for therapeutic research and large-scale production.
Antibody Conjugation
We offer custom antibody labeling with fluorophores, enzymes, or biotin, tailored to your specific experimental needs.
Application-Specific Validation
We validate custom antibodies for a variety of applications, including WB, IHC, ICC, FACS, IF, and ELISA, ensuring optimal performance in your research.
If you have specific project requirements or need assistance in selecting or developing antibodies, please feel free to contact us. Our experienced scientific team is dedicated to helping you achieve your research goals with high-quality, reliable antibody solutions.